The CAC number that flatters and the CAC number that's true
Marketing teams report paid CAC: ad spend divided by new customers. CFOs ask for fully-loaded CAC: every cost involved in acquiring a customer (ads, sales salaries, tooling, content) divided by new customers. The difference is usually 2-4x. A team running £3k/mo in ads and acquiring 15 customers reports £200 CAC. Once you add £4.5k of sales salaries, £500 of tooling, and £800 of content production, the real CAC is £587.
Why payback period matters more than CAC alone
CAC in isolation is a vanity number. £500 CAC for a customer who pays you £100/mo at 80% margin needs 6.25 months to break even. £500 CAC for a customer who pays £1,000/mo at the same margin needs 0.6 months. Payback period is what tells you whether growth is self-funding or whether you're burning cash to grow.
The healthy bands
UK SMB SaaS: under 12 months CAC payback is healthy. 12-18 months is workable but means you need cash to bridge the gap. Over 18 months and you're a venture-backed business by definition. Mid-market and enterprise push these bands higher because deal sizes justify longer paybacks (24-30 months is normal for £100k+ ACV enterprise).
How to actually reduce CAC
Three levers, in order of compounding payoff. First: improve close rate by responding faster to inbound leads (see the lead-response ROI calculator). Faster response = higher qualification rate = more deals from the same lead volume = lower CAC. Second: shift mix from paid to organic, referral, and outbound. Each organic channel reduces dependency on paid spend. Third: increase ARPU through upsells and annual plans. This doesn't reduce CAC but does improve LTV:CAC, which is what actually determines whether the business model works.